Technology During World War II

Radar and Bombsites. Both technologies played a crucial role in the defensive and offensive strategies of all the countries involved. During World War II RADAR saw its first use in combat operations. Although radar came of age during the war (Gobble) it is often referred to as the weapon that won the war and the invention that changed the world.Radar was a technology that allowed land bases to detect Incoming aircraft and direct their anta-alarm defenses In the direction of the Incoming aircraft. Radar was also seed in an offensive strategy by giving aircraft the ability to attack targets at night and during inclement weather. Although the use of aircraft in combat wasn't a new concept in World War II, the development of the bombsites helped to make them a strategic weapon. Bombsites technology allowed for more accurate bombing runs and precision targeting of military and industrial locations.By factoring in altitude, air speed, and ground speed, World War II bombsites allowed bomber s to fly at higher altitudes during their bombing missions which provided safety to the bombers and their crews from nit-aircraft guns and defending fighter aircraft. Radar Radar technology works by transmitting strong, short pulses of radio energy into the air in a specific direction using what is called a directional antenna. When these pulses hit an object like a ship, or aircraft they bounce off the object and back to the antenna.These signals are then converted into an electric signal and shown on screen where they can be viewed by an operator. The position of a detected target Is determined by measuring the time It takes the signal pulse to travel to the target, ounce off, and return to the transmitting antenna. Combining this with the direction the antenna is pointing, gives the targets position. Bombsites A bombsites Is a device used by aircraft to sight a target from the alarm and then accurately drop a bomb on that target.When a bomb Is dropped from an airplane It does not fall straight down but actually moves forward as it falls. This is caused by the horizontal movement of the plane in flight. A falling bomb is also affected by the air resistance created by falling through the air, which causes the bomb to always be Enid the plane when it strikes the target. A bombsites determines, in real time, both the range and the course of the plane so as to calculate the proper moment for releasing a bomb.On the 7th of September 1940, the first wave of over 600 German bombers flew up the River Thames to attack the docks. This was the first night of a bombing campaign called the Blitz. Men and women living along the Thames believed â€Å"the whole world was on fire. † For the next 56 nights London was bombed from dusk to dawn. Conclusion With the technology coming into WI, the war had changed. By building and reading new bomb sights, the Germans could easily bomb London from the air with out worry of artillery below.Many civilians were killed in these b ombing however, Londoner continued to go to work and move with every day life. Another new piece of technology, Radar, was also introduced in WI. This created a new era of technology based warfare. It is said that Radar could have stopped the bombing of Pearl Harbor as the Radar had picked up the incoming bombers. However, as Radar was only new and introduced, higher Captains didn't believe what they were seeing was real and avoided it.

Ampalaya Coffee Essay

Abstract This investigatory project aims to prepare and also to make a coffee from the â€Å" Ampalaya Seeds†. We know that Ampalaya or also known as Bitter melon is known for as its bitterness and astringent taste , the bitter melon can see everywhere. This investigatory project encourage us students to make a coffee, as an alternative product . This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the ampalaya seeds as coffee. The researchers used powdered Ampalaya seeds in this study. After researching and collecting the raw materials, the researchers were able to begin the experimentation. The coffee was obtained by drying, grinding, and roasting the seeds of ampalaya, and boiled. After boiling, the coffee was manually extracted with the use of a clean cloth. The study focuses on producing coffee out of ampalaya seeds. It does not aimed to determine which coffee (ampalaya seeds vs. commercial coffee) has more nutritional value or which is more nutritious. II. Acknowledgement. We would like to thank to the following person that are help us to start and to continuing this our Investigatory Project ,including the following to our ALMIGHTY GOD that help us and give us strength and knowledge to explain the main idea of this investigatory project . To our parents and also our friend who give us supports to finish our Investigatory Project. For our parents that supplies our needs , including the financial needs . THANK YOU !!!!!! Chapter 1: Introduction In our modern generation , many people in our country used coffee especially our grandparents and also our parents. Coffee is known as beverage to the majority of the people. It is known for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain , thus making the drinker active . Variants of coffee flavors were already produced all throughout the world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources of coffee production . The coffee from ampalaya seeds help us to earn and save money . A. Background of the study Coffee alternatives have been famous since the last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The difference of the generic coffee from the seeds of the coffee plant from those of the alternatives is that it has a good amount of caffeine content. The similarity you can find in the alternatives and those of the original is that seeds contain carbohydrates which cause the aroma in roasted coffee. Ampalaya, on the other hand, is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like the Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. It is also famous in treating diabetes because of its properties like polypeptide-P; a plant insulin that can lower blood sugar levels. Many researches on agricultural food chemistry convey that it provides nutritionally significant amounts of nutrients, minerals and amino acids that are needed for life. B. Objectives of the study B1. General Objectives 1. To determine if the ampalaya seeds have considerable characteristics of the products in terms of color, aroma, taste, and acidity. B2. Specific Objectives 1. To produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as the main ingredient. 2. To determine and compare the levels of acceptability of the coffee samples. C. Hypotheses NULL 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their color, aroma, and taste. ALTERNATIVE 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their acceptability. D. Significance of the study Momordica Charantia or ampalaya seeds contain iron and folic acid which are essential for the production of the red blood cells and the formulation of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Coffee is usually drunk hot, black or with cream and sugar and also drunk cold as iced coffee, specially summer. People are used of drinking coffee every morning to warmth their body and at night to avoid being sleepy. But coffee contains a stimulant called caffeine. The result of this will determine if the coffee made from ampalaya seeds can be use as a substitute for the commercial coffee. This study aimed to produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as substitute. The study was important because ampalaya is abundant in the Philippines. The product may be an anti-diabetes coffee but it is not the main concern of the study. Everybody can benefit of the result of the study unless a coffee drinker. It would recycle the ampalaya seeds instead of being thrown away which a lot of people consider it as waste. E. Scope and limitation The proposed study was limited to producing coffee out of ampalaya (Momordica charantia Linn. ) seeds. Three samples were prepared with different ampalaya seed concentration and same amount of water for comparison purposes in which one of the samples was pure commercial coffee. The samples were processed by the basic methods of making coffee: roasting, grinding, and brewing.

Difference Between Behaviourism and Cognitism

When the Cognitive Revolution overturned Behaviorism as the dominant paradigm of learning, many people believed cognitivism to be radically different than behaviorism as it tried to explain many of the characteristics of learning that behaviorism failed to account for. For example, behaviorism emphasized only the change in outward behavior, which they defined as learning. Behaviorism declares the mechanistic and deterministic views of the law of effect, classical and operant conditioning, and ultimately the explanation of learning due purely to biological factors.Behaviorism considers factors such as reinforcement history and maturation levels in affecting the ability it learn, and emphasizes maintaining learned behavior through repeated reviews of expectations and schedules of reinforcement. Cognitivism, on the other hand, defines learning more broadly to include a change in thinking, beliefs, attitudes, and values. It emphasizes the role of the mind as a schematic network and recog nizes the importance of prior knowledge in making new connections.Ultimately, learning is compared to a computer model of processing information, which includes many processes that cannot be seen or measured. Cognitivism focuses on the role of memory in storing and retrieving knowledge. Transfer is seen as being the goal of acquiring knowledge so that people can apply that knowledge in new domains. Also, Cognitivism recognizes the influence of motivation on learning in encouraging people to learn things to a greater degree.Cognitivism accounts for more complex forms of thinking and learning. Although these two theories have many significant differences, they also have some similarities. Although I feel the cognitive psychology went a lot further in explaining the nature of learning, it does not completely escape the criticisms of behaviorism as far as mechanism and determinism. According to Williams, even though the cognitive revolution tried to remedy the mechanistic and determinis tic aspects of behaviorism, it did not succeed.Both behaviorism and cognitivism are mechanistic and deterministic. In both behaviorism and cognitivism, people are seen as mechanical machines that react according to circumstance and behavior can be predicted based on either a Stimulus-Response or according to the information inputted into the computer machine. They are both missing significant factors of learning as far as accounting for learning in social contexts.They also both have aspects of a â€Å"black box† in them that does not completely explain how or why the learning occurs. For behaviorism, the â€Å"black box† is the explanation between stimulus and response. In Cognitivism, it is how the central executive works, or what controls the working memory. Williams pointed out that theories just create homunculi that are like little men in our brains controlling what’s going on, but never really explaining anything more for us.

Qualitative critique predictors or success for NCLEX in nursing Essay

Qualitative critique predictors or success for NCLEX in nursing students - Essay Example Second, there are Associate Degrees in Nursing (ADN) programs that also require two years of full-time study. In addition to the nursing curriculum, they require general education courses to obtain an ADN. Third, there are Baccalaureate of Science in Nursing (BSN) programs that mandate four years of full time study. The BSN programs are university based programs and require general education courses in addition to the nursing classes. After the nursing program is successfully completed, the candidate is eligible to take the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX or NCLEX-RN). Since it was first administered in July of 1982 [1], the NCLEX has undergone many changes. It started as a two-day paper-and-pencil exam that tested each specialty area, such as medical, surgical, pediatrics, mental health, and women's health, separately. Next, the exam format was changed so that the specialties were blended together. However, it still was a two-day paper-and-pencil test. The most recent change occurred in 1994. At that time, the test was extended into a Computer-Adaptive Test (CAT) version. It is now given on computer and lasts an average of 3 to 4 hours. The CAT version has presented new challenges for nursing school graduates and faculty. Nursing graduaNursing graduates must be successful on NCLEX in order to practice nursing. There are three major reasons for higher education administrators and educators to be concerned about failure on NCLEX. A lower regional, state or national failure rate has an impact on the health care profession for two reasons: it decreases the number of graduates available to the workforce, and it increases the amount of time until the graduate is licensed and can actually contribute to the workforce and the profession [2]. The second reason is that lower pass rates reflect poorly on the nursing program at institutions of higher education and may ultimately mean budgetary cutbacks or program closure and waning nursing student enrollments. Students often choose programs accredited by the National League for Nursing [4] and programs with a reputation for high NCLEX pass rates. Nursing education programs in some USA states were reported to have a pass rate of at least 92.5% of the national average (National Board of Examiners for Registered Professional Nurses, 1999) during the period of 1991 to 2000. Faculty may experience frustration and concerns about the reputation of their programs based on licensure exam success or failure [5]. This has motivated faculty to identify factors related to the program, teaching or students contributing to NCLEX success or failure. A third reason for studying factors predicting NCLEX performance is the impact of failure on the self-esteem of the graduate and the implications for decreased professional self-confidence [2, 5] described feelings experienced by graduates who failed the NCLEX as anger, shame and despair. A review of the literature over the past 20 years reveals many studies relating to performance of graduates on the NCLEX. These studies fall into two categories: student characteristics and performance on the licensure examination and